Canada is dealing with climate change in different ways, depending on where we live in the country. Climate change adds new risks that may affect ecosystem and food productivity, especially extreme events (including floods, droughts, heatwave), increased temperatures, and changes in rainfall patterns (frequency, seasonality, and amount).  It is predicted that Southern Ontario will experience increased frequencies of droughts and heavy rainfalls. They are extreme climate events that can greatly affect ecosystems and especially plants.  In Atlantic Canada, sea level rise, continuous coastal erosion and increasing frequency in storm surges threaten the fragility of the coastal ecosystem. The impacts are important for the natural and human components of this ecosystem. In this talk I will describe some of the projects that I am involved to examine the potential impacts of climate change in Ontario and Atlantic Canada, and the actions taken to try to adapt and improve resilience of communities and ecosystems. One major approach is called ecosystem-based adaptation, an approach that is now promoted by many organizations including the United Nations.